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農業部公布:12月豬價回升的七大原因

發(fa)布(bu)日期:2018-02-20 10:46:27 點擊(ji)次數:


   豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)和(he)生豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)月價格均小幅(fu)回落,仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價格繼續下(xia)跌。豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)糧比(bi)價較上月降低 0.07 個點,為 7.44:1。生豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)供給同比(bi)繼續高于(yu)上年同期,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)進口量同比(bi)顯著下(xia)降,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)消費季(ji)節性提振無力,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價本月起進入跌勢。美(mei)國豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)價格和(he)歐盟豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)價格均環比(bi)下(xia)跌。

  1 豬(zhu)肉(rou)價格小幅下跌

  規模以上(shang)企業(ye)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)屠(tu)(tu)宰量(liang)環比小幅增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia),同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)幅明顯(xian),豬(zhu)(zhu)肉進口量(liang)同(tong)比顯(xian)著(zhu)下降,豬(zhu)(zhu)肉價格小幅回落。據農業(ye)部數據,2017年1-9月(yue)規模以上(shang)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)屠(tu)(tu)宰企業(ye)屠(tu)(tu)宰量(liang)累計為15936.60萬頭,同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)7.0%。其中,9月(yue)份屠(tu)(tu)宰量(liang)為1871.13萬頭,環比增(zeng)(zeng)2.5%,同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)9.1%。

  在其他肉(rou)類價格上漲(zhang)的情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),豬肉(rou)價格下(xia)跌,意味著一旦(dan)消費利好出現,豬肉(rou)將更加受青睞(lai),需求(qiu)上漲(zhang)速度最快(kuai)。

  2 生豬養殖盈利水平小幅(fu)下降

  據(ju)農業部監測,10月(yue)份生(sheng)豬(zhu)價格(ge)小(xiao)幅回落,玉米價格(ge)穩中(zhong)略降,豬(zhu)糧(liang)比(bi)(bi)價降至(zhi)(zhi)7.44:1,較上月(yue)減少0.07個點。10月(yue)份全國(guo)玉米價格(ge)為每公(gong)斤 1.95元,環比(bi)(bi)跌0.6%,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)0.3%;育肥(fei)豬(zhu)配合飼料價格(ge)為每公(gong)斤3.00元,環比(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)0.2%,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)跌1.5%。從(cong)周(zhou)價來看,豬(zhu)糧(liang)比(bi)(bi)價從(cong)2017年7月(yue)第4周(zhou) 7.12:1升至(zhi)(zhi)9月(yue)第1周(zhou)7.55:1后下降;10月(yue)第4周(zhou)降至(zhi)(zhi)7.42:1。

  豬(zhu)糧比的降低主要(yao)是因(yin)為生豬(zhu)價格回(hui)落,但一定程度上使得壓欄的行為減輕,有利于后(hou)市價格回(hui)暖。

  3 生(sheng)豬產品進口同比(bi)顯(xian)著(zhu)下降

  據(ju)海關統計,9月(yue)份我國進(jin)口(kou)生豬(zhu)產品(pin)18.74萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增3.6%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)32.3%,進(jin)口(kou)額(e)3.25億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan),環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增8.7%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)38.6%;出(chu)(chu)口(kou)2.72萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)1.9%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增1.9%,出(chu)(chu)口(kou)額(e)0.93 億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan),環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)2.4%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)13.5%;貿(mao)易逆差2.31億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan),環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增14.0%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)45.0%。1-9月(yue)我國累計進(jin)口(kou)生豬(zhu)產品(pin)184.19萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)22.2%,進(jin)口(kou)額(e)31.77億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)28.6%;出(chu)(chu)口(kou)23.11萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增5.2%,出(chu)(chu)口(kou)額(e)8.29億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增0.02%;貿(mao)易逆差23.48億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)35.2%。其中,進(jin)口(kou)豬(zhu)雜碎(sui)92.08萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)15.4%,進(jin)口(kou)額(e)14.93億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)21.6%;進(jin)口(kou)鮮冷凍豬(zhu)肉92.05萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)28.0%,進(jin)口(kou)額(e)16.69億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)34.1%。

  進(jin)(jin)口(kou)生豬產品的降低意味著(zhu)我國國內的供應量足夠。在豬價(jia)低迷的時刻(ke),應當不會出(chu)現(xian)增(zeng)加(jia)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)量的行為(wei),有(you)利于價(jia)格(ge)回(hui)暖。更重要的是(shi),只有(you)價(jia)格(ge)上漲較大的時候才能調動進(jin)(jin)口(kou)量增(zeng)加(jia),且增(zeng)加(jia)也(ye)需要一(yi)定的時間(jian)差,為(wei)價(jia)格(ge)回(hui)暖提供更多時間(jian)。

  4 牛羊肉(rou)、禽肉(rou)價格繼(ji)續上漲

  受近三年價(jia)格(ge)低迷(mi)影響,今(jin)年牛(niu)羊(yang)出欄(lan)量下(xia)降,近期天氣轉涼,消費旺盛帶動(dong)牛(niu)羊(yang)肉(rou)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。10月份,牛(niu)肉(rou)每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)63.03元,環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.8%,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)1.4%;羊(yang)肉(rou)每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)57.17元,環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)2.4%,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)5.3%。活(huo)畜漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅高于(yu)胴(dong)體(ti),活(huo)牛(niu)每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)25.99元,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)1.7%,活(huo)羊(yang)每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)25.27 元,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)10.5%。今(jin)年上(shang)半年禽肉(rou)價(jia)格(ge)大幅下(xia)跌導致產能迅速縮減,6月份后禽肉(rou)價(jia)格(ge)開(kai)始持(chi)續(xu)上(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),10月份上(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)走(zou)勢趨(qu)緩,活(huo)雞集市(shi)價(jia)每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)18.11元,環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.9%,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)跌2.5%;白條雞每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)18.59元,環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.4%,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)跌2.1%。

  這意味著除非硬(ying)性需求,消費(fei)者們(men)從價格(ge)方面(mian)也會更多考慮豬肉消費(fei)。

  其次,實際(ji)行情帶來的利好

  5 北方利(li)好更多

  12月份,北方正值(zhi)隆冬,低溫(wen)使得更多消(xiao)費者食(shi)用(yong)便宜的豬(zhu)肉,消(xiao)費利好極大增(zeng)加。

  6 南方利好更重

  不僅(jin)是(shi)降溫使得當地的(de)(de)豬肉消(xiao)費增多,更重要的(de)(de)當然是(shi)消(xiao)費習(xi)慣,12月份開始做臘(la)肉臘(la)腸等豬肉制(zhi)品。

  7 環保(bao)有喜有憂

  12月(yue)份是(shi)環保的最后期限,使得很多不適重的生豬被(bei)迫出欄。當前的環保整治有(you)非常明顯的特點:快、狠。雖然說環保政(zheng)策很多,但多數被(bei)整治的豬場以拆(chai)遷關閉收尾,且速度快。

  但同時,這也使(shi)得(de)一(yi)部分存欄和產(chan)能減少(shao),減少(shao)出欄數量,有利(li)于(yu)價(jia)格回升。

  綜(zong)合來講(jiang),受拆遷影(ying)響,四(si)季度(du)生豬(zhu)供給量恢復速度(du)將(jiang)會顯著下(xia)降(jiang),加上一部(bu)分(fen)豬(zhu)友壓欄(lan)惜售,寒冷刺激(ji)消費增加,臘肉臘腸等制作興起,12月豬(zhu)價受需求季節(jie)性增加,回升的可(ke)能性極大。